Archive for the ‘Mexico’ Tag
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PART II – Donald Duck, Immigration and What the USA have in Common? Leave a comment
by Janell Ross
Illegal immigration is one of those topics on which almost everyone has an opinion — maybe several opinions. But when it comes to the facts, the number of people with a grasp on them is a lot smaller.
Donald Trump, a contender for the 2016 GOP presidential nomination, said last month that illegal immigrants coming across the U.S.-Mexico border are in large part “rapist and “murderers.” And in San Francisco, the shooting dead of Kathryn Steinle, 31, allegedly caused by man who has been deported multiple times and convicted of a series of very serious crimes, has set off a new wave of concern about immigration and so-called “sanctuary cities” like San Francisco.
It’s a lot. That’s why there is Part II. But we’ve tried to boil it down to the essentials for your next immigration-related debate.
If a person is in the United States illegally, why isn’t he or she arrested and shipped back to his or her home country immediately?
This is one of those places where the country’s commitment to freedom and liberty get a real road test.
As mentioned above, immigration is often complicated. At least some portion of the people who do enter the country illegally or overstay the terms of their visitor or student visas also have legitimate asylum claims. Asylum is limited to individuals who can provide evidence that they have faced persecution or might be killed if they return to their home country. And U.S. law says that most people caught inside the United States should be given a chance to make those claims in an immigration court. (For more information on asylum seekers.
Now, layer on top of that more than 445,000 people awaiting immigration hearings. Most of these people cannot make a successful asylum claim but might have some other legal defense such as proof of a U.S. citizen parent or grandparent.
Unauthorized immigrants caught inside the United States — or in some cases at the border — generally get a hearing in one of the nation’s deeply backlogged immigration courts. Wait times now stretch into 2019.
That means that federal immigration authorities also have to make decisions about whom to hold during that wait and whom to release and trust to show up again.
How many people does the United States deport each year?
The data reporting here lags a bit behind and, of course, varies from year to year. But on average, between 2011 and 2013, immigration courts ordered about 414,650 people out in one way or another. Here’s the picture painted in the Department of Homeland Security’s most recent annual immigration data report, for 2013.
What is a “sanctuary city,” anyway?
The policies and practices differ in the estimated 60 sanctuary cities around the country. That list includes major cities such as New York, Los Angeles, San Francisco and Houston. But generally, when someone has been, for instance, arrested for driving without a license and then identified as an illegal immigrant at a jail in a sanctuary city, they must serve jail time for state charges or pay related fines. Then, they are let go.
Most of these cities have identified some set of guidelines or conditions under which federal immigration officials must be alerted before the person’s release. Usually they are connected to what’s on the person’s rap sheet.
But some either don’t have them or don’t follow them. For a deeper look at the role that San Francisco’s sanctuary-city status has played in the immigration debate since the Steinle shooting.
Once an undocumented immigrant has been arrested for committing a crime inside the United States, why do sanctuary cities let them go?
During the apex of the country’s illegal immigration challenges, before the recession, law enforcement officials in some communities expressed concern about the practice of releasing these inmates after they had served time for state offenses. Some of those communities entered agreements to help federal authorities with immigration enforcement. This went on between 2004 and 2012.
These agreements allowed local jails to house undocumented immigrants after they had served time on state charges and bill the federal government for this service. Sometimes inmates were passed along to jails in other places without any formal notice to family members, then into the immigration court system for an expedited removal hearing. In many cases, people were returned to their home countries in weeks.
That program was widely criticized as a possible revenue stream for some local jails and a potential violation of international human rights accords. Some people were unable to communicate with embassy officials from their countries of origin or notify family members of their arrests, basically disappearing without explanation. Civil liberties groups called it a vehicle for racial and ethnic profiling.
One Tennessee sheriff described it as part of his toolkit to “stack these violators like cordwood” In addition, more than one analysis of who was deported and what happened during that process showed that most were people initially arrested for minor traffic violations and who had no criminal record.
President Obama touted the fact that his administration had deported the largest number of people in U.S. history. Meanwhile, immigrant advocates said all of this deeply damaged already-limited police trust in immigrant communities, making people afraid to call police or provide information. That, these advocates argued, was the real threat to public safety.
This is where sanctuary cities come in.
What happens in other cities?
After a series of changes, new programs and memos from the top that were supposed to assure that more of the nation’s deportation apparatus got aimed at serious and violent criminals, the Department of Homeland Security is now asking communities to participate in a different program, this time called Priority Enforcement.
Priority Enforcement won’t formally begin until later this summer, The Washington Post reported Tuesday. When it does, it will ask local law enforcement agencies to notify federal immigration authorities before the scheduled release of an immigrant targeted for deportation. Those targeted for deportation include people with violent and serious crime convictions. And federal officials told The Post that they did make just such a request to the folks in San Francisco.
Finally, is there any evidence that those who enter the country illegally commit more crime than others?
The Fix looked at this issue this week and found an answer that shouldn’t really be surprising.
Like every population, there are some people who have immigrated to the United States illegally who go on to commit serious and misdemeanor crimes in this country. But immigrants of all kinds are actually less likely to commit crimes than those born inside the United States.
It’s important to note that more than one-quarter of all immigrants currently in the United States are undocumented. So a spike in their crime rate would likely mean the “first generation” line wouldn’t be so low.
- We hope that helps.
At Least Donald Duck (Trump) Has Opened Up This All Important Debate. Leave a comment
by Janell Ross
Illegal immigration is one of those topics on which almost everyone has an opinion — maybe several. But when it comes to the facts, the number of people with a grasp on them is a lot smaller.
It’s no wonder. The United States has one of the most active and complicated immigration systems in the world. For instance, a different number of visas — needed to come to the United States — are issued each year in various countries. And the wait times for those visas varies greatly.
There are at least 4.4 million people waiting. Those figures include 1.3 million in Mexico alone. That system is also paired with a visa lottery and a series of special visa programs reserved for artists, models, scientists, international business executives and other people with special and needed skills. Then there are the millions of undocumented immigrants already living inside the United States.
It’s a lot. But we’ve tried to boil it down to the essentials for your next immigration-related debate.
How many immigrants live in the United States illegally and where do they come from?
The Pew Research Center put this number at 11.2 million people in 2012, down from a high of 12.2 million in 2007.
Most — 5.8 million people — hail from our nearest neighbor to the south, Mexico. Another 1.7 million come from various countries in Central America. About 1.4 million people come from an Asian country. South America is responsible for about 700,000 people. Europe and Canada contributed 600,000. And Africa and the Middle East, 400,000. In addition to this, about 550,000 arrived from the Caribbean.
Is illegal immigration an increasing problem?
Well, a look at the chart above pretty clearly says the answer, at least for the last few years, is no. But there are also other bits of federal data that suggest a more complicated answer.
There was an unquestionable surge in the number of unaccompanied minors and women with children who last year entered the United States and, in many cases, turned themselves in to border authorities. And the Coast Guard also reported an increase in the number of Cubans trying to enter the United States to take advantage of what they fear will be the last days of their special immigration options.
Still, illegal immigration is not a mushrooming problem. But it is a real one. Federal agents apprehended nearly 50,000 people trying to enter the United States without permission last year.
What’s causing the declining illegal immigration rate?
This is one of those situations in which lots of hands want to take some credit.
Federal agencies have invested heavily in border patrol activities. Border patrol is even using drones to monitor the area. (The nation’s auditor issued a report late last year on civil liberties issues in the border region due to drone use, in case that’s a concern for you.) And border state leaders such as former Texas governor Rick Perry, a Republican seeking the 2016 Presidential nomination; have touted their state’s contributions to enhance border patrols. Perry said that federal officials are unaware or unwilling to acknowledge the situation on the ground.
Immigration dipped during the recession when few jobs were available in the United States. But many of the unaccompanied minors and families that streamed into the United States in 2014 did so to reunite with family members already here or to escape some combination of terrible gang violence and economic instability at home.
So geopolitical forces — including some U.S. policies — are all in play.